What is HTML And Tage Definition and Usage
Since its inception HTML has been the predominant language of the World Wide Web. Indeed, no small part what made the World Wide Web "World Wide" was HTML. With the creation of HTML and the web browsers that interpreted it anyone with a computer and a phone line could surf the web *. There are other languages (e.g. XML) used to write web pages, but most web sites are written in HTML and will be for the foreseeable future. Essentially: HTML is how two computers speak to each other over the internet. Web sites are what they say. HTML is "spoken" by two computers: 1. Client The client is used by the person surfing the net, such as the computer you are looking at right now. 2. Server A server stores and distributes websites over the net. I have a server where I store this web site. The terms are often encountered in the phrases "server-side" and "client-side"; meaning something occurs on the server or the client. "That script runs client-side." means "That script runs on the client". Let's assume that someone wants to buy a doohickie, and as luck would have it you sell doohickies. This potential buyer turns on his computer – the "client", opens a browser, goes to Google, types in "doohickie", clicks "Search" and (in a perfect world) a link to your site comes up at the top of the search results. This person, with credit card in hand, clicks the link to your home page. The "client" (the computer, not the person) sends a request to the "server" to send your home page back to the "client". The server finds a file named "index.html" or "index.htm" ** (the default name of the home page) and sends it to the client. The index file in turn requests whatever additional files (e.g. pictures) needed to display your home page in all its glory. Index.html is written in HTML, the latest version of which is HTML5. * For all of you too young to remember, those intrepid souls who first surfed the net oh so long ago did so via a dail-up connection that ran through a modem hooked up to a phone line. ** There is no difference between a file with an ".html" or ".htm" extension. I use the latter because there is one less letter to type. To confuse matters even more, many sites (including this one) hide "index.html" or "index.htm" in the URL of the home page. For example: http://www.yahoo.com/index.html goes to http://www.yahoo.com/. The "index" file loads just as if it were there, you just don't see it in the URL. It helps a bit with SEO, but mostly it just makes for a cleaner URL.
HTML Tags
| <!--...--> | Defines a comment |
| <!DOCTYPE> | Defines the document type |
| <a> | Defines a hyperlink |
| <abbr> | Defines an abbreviation or an acronym |
| <acronym> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.Defines an acronym |
| <address> | Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document |
| <applet> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.Defines an embedded applet |
| <area> | Defines an area inside an image-map |
| <article> | Defines an article |
| <aside> | Defines content aside from the page content |
| <audio> | Defines sound content |
| <b> | Defines bold text |
| <base> | Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document |
| <basefont> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document |
| <bdi> | Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it |
| <bdo> | Overrides the current text direction |
| <big> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.Defines big text |
| <blockquote> | Defines a section that is quoted from another source |
| <body> | Defines the document's body |
| <br> | Defines a single line break |
| <button> | Defines a clickable button |
| <canvas> | Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript) |
| <caption> | Defines a table caption |
| <center> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.Defines centered text |
| <cite> | Defines the title of a work |
| <code> | Defines a piece of computer code |
| <col> | Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element |
| <colgroup> | Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting |
| <datalist> | Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls |
| <dd> | Defines a description/value of a term in a description list |
| <del> | Defines text that has been deleted from a document |
| <details> | Defines additional details that the user can view or hide |
| <dfn> | Represents the defining instance of a term |
| <dialog> | Defines a dialog box or window |
| <dir> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.Defines a directory list |
| <div> | Defines a section in a document |
| <dl> | Defines a description list |
| <dt> | Defines a term/name in a description list |
| <em> | Defines emphasized text |
| <embed> | Defines a container for an external (non-HTML) application |
| <fieldset> | Groups related elements in a form |
| <figcaption> | Defines a caption for a <figure> element |
| <figure> | Specifies self-contained content |
| <font> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.Defines font, color, and size for text |
| <footer> | Defines a footer for a document or section |
| <form> | Defines an HTML form for user input |
| <frame> | Not supported in HTML5.Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset |
| <frameset> | Not supported in HTML5.Defines a set of frames |
| <h1> to <h6> | Defines HTML headings |
| <head> | Defines information about the document |
| <header> | Defines a header for a document or section |
| <hr> | Defines a thematic change in the content |
| <html> | Defines the root of an HTML document |
| <i> | Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood |
| <iframe> | Defines an inline frame |
| <img> | Defines an image |
| <input> | Defines an input control |
| <ins> | Defines a text that has been inserted into a document |
| <kbd> | Defines keyboard input |
| <keygen> | Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms) |
| <label> | Defines a label for an <input> element |
| <legend> | Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element |
| <li> | Defines a list item |
| <link> | Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets) |
| <main> | Specifies the main content of a document |
| <map> | Defines a client-side image-map |
| <mark> | Defines marked/highlighted text |
| <menu> | Defines a list/menu of commands |
| <menuitem> | Defines a command/menu item that the user can invoke from a popup menu |
| <meta> | Defines metadata about an HTML document |
| <meter> | Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge) |
| <nav> | Defines navigation links |
| <noframes> | Not supported in HTML5.Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames |
| <noscript> | Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts |
| <object> | Defines an embedded object |
| <ol> | Defines an ordered list |
| <optgroup> | Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list |
| <option> | Defines an option in a drop-down list |
| <output> | Defines the result of a calculation |
| <p> | Defines a paragraph |
| <param> | Defines a parameter for an object |
| <picture> | Defines a container for multiple image resources |
| <pre> | Defines preformatted text |
| <progress> | Represents the progress of a task |
| <q> | Defines a short quotation |
| <rp> | Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations |
| <rt> | Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography) |
| <ruby> | Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography) |
| <s> | Defines text that is no longer correct |
| <samp> | Defines sample output from a computer program |
| <script> | Defines a client-side script |
| <section> | Defines a section in a document |
| <select> | Defines a drop-down list |
| <small> | Defines smaller text |
| <source> | Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
| <span> | Defines a section in a document |
| <strike> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.Defines strikethrough text |
| <strong> | Defines important text |
| <style> | Defines style information for a document |
| <sub> | Defines subscripted text |
| <summary> | Defines a visible heading for a <details> element |
| <sup> | Defines superscripted text |
| <table> | Defines a table |
| <tbody> | Groups the body content in a table |
| <td> | Defines a cell in a table |
| <textarea> | Defines a multiline input control (text area) |
| <tfoot> | Groups the footer content in a table |
| <th> | Defines a header cell in a table |
| <thead> | Groups the header content in a table |
| <time> | Defines a date/time |
| <title> | Defines a title for the document |
| <tr> | Defines a row in a table |
| <track> | Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
| <tt> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.Defines teletype text |
| <u> | Defines text that should be stylistically different from normal text |
| <ul> | Defines an unordered list |
| <var> | Defines a variable |
| <video> | Defines a video or movie |
| <wbr> | Defines a possible line-break |
What is HTML5
HTML5 is supposed to be what HTML should have been in the first place. Mosaic was the first browser.
Mosaic wikipedia The first web browser, Mosaic, was introduced in 1993. A year later Netscape, based on Mosaic, was introduced and the net began to become popular. HTML was used in both browsers, but there was no "standard" HTML until the introduction of HTML 2.0. HTML 2.0 was first published in 1995.* HTML 3.0 was published two years later and 4.01 two years after that. HTML 4.01 has been the work horse of the net ever since. Netscape came out soon after Mosaic and did much to popularize the internet. Netscape wikipedia The first "working draft" of HTML5 came out in January of 2008 and it already has surprisingly broad browser support. However HTML5 is not yet fully implemented and won't be for some years yet. There are any number of planning committees that have plans to make it a "Recommendation", but such plans are still in the planning phase – and don't plan on that changing anytime soon. ** Two groups, the W3C and the WHATWG, are in charge of developing HTML5.
Why two groups? "The WHATWG was formed in response to the slow development of web standards monitored by the W3C." wikipedia – In other words they got in a fight and parted ways. They say they have since kissed and made up. Both groups agree that it's going to take years to fully implement HTML5, though it will be in wide use long before then – assuming that, like eColi, they don't divide and multiply again. Many on the boards of W3C and WHATWG work for competing browser companies. Inevitably conflicts of interest (for example MS's brutal attempt in the late 1990s to control it all - wikipedia), have provoked problems, but I will admit – albeit begrudgingly, that on the whole they have done a reasonably good job. In many ways HTML5 is not all that different that 4.01. Certain tags, such as the tag, that were "deprecated" (but worked) in HTML 4.01, don't work in HTML5. There are a number of other odds and ends that have been changed, but they tidy up old messes rather than introduce fundamental changes. Fundamental changes are coming with the development of APIs that will run in HTML5 – exciting and powerful new tools that will take the internet places we can't begin to imagine. Also new elements such as the and
Mosaic wikipedia The first web browser, Mosaic, was introduced in 1993. A year later Netscape, based on Mosaic, was introduced and the net began to become popular. HTML was used in both browsers, but there was no "standard" HTML until the introduction of HTML 2.0. HTML 2.0 was first published in 1995.* HTML 3.0 was published two years later and 4.01 two years after that. HTML 4.01 has been the work horse of the net ever since. Netscape came out soon after Mosaic and did much to popularize the internet. Netscape wikipedia The first "working draft" of HTML5 came out in January of 2008 and it already has surprisingly broad browser support. However HTML5 is not yet fully implemented and won't be for some years yet. There are any number of planning committees that have plans to make it a "Recommendation", but such plans are still in the planning phase – and don't plan on that changing anytime soon. ** Two groups, the W3C and the WHATWG, are in charge of developing HTML5.
Why two groups? "The WHATWG was formed in response to the slow development of web standards monitored by the W3C." wikipedia – In other words they got in a fight and parted ways. They say they have since kissed and made up. Both groups agree that it's going to take years to fully implement HTML5, though it will be in wide use long before then – assuming that, like eColi, they don't divide and multiply again. Many on the boards of W3C and WHATWG work for competing browser companies. Inevitably conflicts of interest (for example MS's brutal attempt in the late 1990s to control it all - wikipedia), have provoked problems, but I will admit – albeit begrudgingly, that on the whole they have done a reasonably good job. In many ways HTML5 is not all that different that 4.01. Certain tags, such as the tag, that were "deprecated" (but worked) in HTML 4.01, don't work in HTML5. There are a number of other odds and ends that have been changed, but they tidy up old messes rather than introduce fundamental changes. Fundamental changes are coming with the development of APIs that will run in HTML5 – exciting and powerful new tools that will take the internet places we can't begin to imagine. Also new elements such as the and
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